Table 1. America’s reproductive technology shock
1965-691970-741975-791980-84
Births (thousands)
Total3,5993,3703,2943,646
White2,9902,7602,6602,915
Black542583540590
Birthrates per 1,000 married women, age 15-44
White119.4103.693.194.5
Black129.1110.393.390.6
Birthrates per 1,000 unmarried women, age 15-44
White12.712.613.718.9
Black91.094.685.581.7
Women married, age 15-44 (percent)
White67.865.361.658.8
Black55.952.945.239.9
Out-of-wedlock births (thousands)
Total322406515715
White144166220355
Black189230280337
Women age 16 with sexual experience (percent)
White13.823.228.132.8
Black35.042.350.849.9
Unmarried women using the pill at first intercourse (percent)
Total5.715.213.4NA
Abortions, unmarried women, age 15-44 (thousands)
Total885619851,271
First birth shotgun marriage rate (percent)
White59.255.445.742.0
Black24.819.511.011.4
Adoptions (thousands)
Total158156129142
Ratio of adoptions to births to mothers not married within three years of birth
Total49.038.429.019.8
George A. Akerlof, Janet L. Yelln, and Michael L. Katz, “An Analysis of Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing in the United States,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1996

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